Why is there a delayed risk of atherosclerosis for women compared to men?

The delayed risk of atherosclerosis for women compared to men is primarily attributed to the protective effects of estrogen on cardiovascular health. Estrogen plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and flexibility of blood vessels, contributing to better arterial health. This hormone helps regulate cholesterol levels, promoting the presence of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), also known as "good" cholesterol, which can help protect against plaque buildup in arteries.

Until menopause, when estrogen levels drop significantly, women generally benefit from this protective effect which reduces their risk of developing atherosclerosis earlier in life compared to men. After menopause, the risk increases due to the decreased levels of estrogen, leading to a higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Other factors such as physical inactivity, stress levels, and dietary fat intake may also impact heart health but do not directly explain the gender difference in atherosclerosis risk related to hormonal influences. Therefore, the role of estrogen is a critical factor in understanding why women experience a delayed onset of risk for atherosclerosis relative to their male counterparts.