Which of the following is a consequence of atherosclerosis?

The correct answer indicates a significant consequence of atherosclerosis, which is the narrowing of the lumen of the blood vessel. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the buildup of plaque—a mixture of fatty substances, cholesterol, cellular waste products, and calcium—on the inner walls of arteries. This accumulation leads to a decrease in the internal space (lumen) of the arteries, restricting the flow of blood. As a result, the heart and other organs may receive reduced blood supply, which can lead to serious health complications such as heart attacks and strokes.

Understanding this process highlights the critical nature of atherosclerosis in cardiovascular health. Increased plaque buildup not only narrows the lumen but also hardens the arteries, further complicating blood flow regulation and increasing the risk of clot formation due to turbulent blood flow. This contrasts sharply with the other options, which do not align with the pathological changes associated with atherosclerosis.