What term describes a substance that causes DNA damage leading to cancer?

The term that describes a substance that causes DNA damage leading to cancer is "mutagen." A mutagen is an agent that causes changes or mutations in the genetic material of an organism. These mutations can lead to various issues, including cancer when the mutations affect genes that regulate cell growth and division. While a carcinogen is a substance that promotes the formation of cancer, the mechanism often involves initial DNA damage caused by a mutagen.

In this context, it's important to understand the relationship between mutagens and carcinogens. Many carcinogens are also mutagens, as they can alter DNA in ways that lead to uncontrolled cell growth. However, not all mutagens necessarily lead to cancer, as some mutations can be repaired by the body's mechanisms before causing any harmful effects.

A teratogen refers to substances that cause developmental anomalies in a developing embryo or fetus, which is a different process from cancer development. An antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response, unrelated to the mechanisms of cancer and genetic mutations.