What is the major component of arterial plaque?

The major component of arterial plaque is cholesterol. Cholesterol plays a significant role in the development of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in the arterial walls, leading to narrowed arteries and reduced blood flow. This plaque is primarily composed of cholesterol, along with other substances such as fats, cellular debris, and a variety of inflammatory cells.

While calcium, proteins, and fats also contribute to the composition of arterial plaque, it is the cholesterol that is most often highlighted in medical literature due to its central role in plaque formation and cardiovascular health. Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol are particularly associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, making it a critical focus for both prevention and treatment strategies aimed at reducing cardiovascular disease risk. This emphasis on cholesterol’s role underscores the importance of managing cholesterol levels through diet, exercise, and medication when necessary.