What is the main complication associated with Type II diabetes?

The main complication associated with Type II diabetes is hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS). This condition arises primarily when blood glucose levels become extremely elevated, leading to severe dehydration and a high osmolarity in the blood. Unlike Type I diabetes, where diabetic ketoacidosis is more common, individuals with Type II diabetes often experience HHS due to their body's ability to produce some insulin. However, this insulin may not be sufficient to manage the excessive glucose levels, particularly during times of stress, illness, or inadequate fluid intake.

Unlike hypoglycemic shock, which is characterized by dangerously low blood glucose levels, and diabetic ketoacidosis, which involves metabolic acidosis stemming from ketone production, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is marked by high blood sugar without significant ketone formation. Neuropathy, while a common long-term complication of diabetes affecting nerves, is not classified as an immediate complication like HHS. Therefore, focusing on the acute and potentially life-threatening nature of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state underscores its significance as the main complication associated with Type II diabetes.