What is the function of glucagon in the body?

Glucagon plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose levels in the body, especially during fasting or between meals. Its primary function is to signal the liver to break down glycogen, which is the stored form of glucose, into glucose molecules that can be released into the bloodstream. This process, known as glycogenolysis, is essential for maintaining adequate blood sugar levels, particularly when food intake is not occurring.

By promoting the conversion of stored glycogen to glucose, glucagon helps to ensure that the body has a continuous supply of energy. This action counteracts the effects of insulin, which promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen and fat. The balance between glucagon and insulin is vital for metabolic homeostasis, allowing the body to maintain energy supply during periods of low food intake.