What is one of the consequences of HIV infection?

One of the significant consequences of HIV infection is the increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections. HIV attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 T lymphocytes, which are crucial for coordinating the immune response. As the infection progresses and the immune system becomes compromised, the body becomes less capable of defending itself against pathogens that would normally be manageable.

Opportunistic infections are those that occur more frequently and are more severe in individuals with weakened immune systems. Examples include infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that typically do not cause illness in healthy individuals. This heightened risk is a direct result of the deterioration of the immune system due to HIV, emphasizing the need for vigilant medical care and preventive measures in patients living with HIV.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately reflect the effects of HIV infection. Increased appetite and muscle growth do not typically occur in individuals with HIV, as the infection often leads to weight loss and muscle wasting due to the body’s energy being diverted to fight the infection. Enhanced immunity is also contradictory, as HIV leads to immune system depletion rather than enhancement. Thus, option C accurately captures a key consequence of HIV infection.