What is a potential result of underfeeding during acute stress treatment?

Underfeeding during acute stress treatment can lead to a lower nitrogen balance and loss of lean tissue. In times of stress, the body requires higher levels of protein and energy to support metabolic processes, including maintaining muscle mass and repairing tissues. When caloric intake is insufficient to meet these increased demands, the body may begin to break down muscle proteins to obtain the necessary amino acids, resulting in a negative nitrogen balance. This condition signifies that more nitrogen is being lost (through urine and other excretions) than is being consumed, leading to muscle wasting and other negative health outcomes.

In contrast, the other options suggest outcomes that would not typically arise from underfeeding in a stress situation. Increased energy levels, enhanced immune response, and better wound healing are generally associated with adequate nutrition, not underfeeding. Underfeeding deprives the body of essential nutrients necessary for these vital functions, potentially leading to further complications during recovery.