What is a defining characteristic of atherosclerosis?

A defining characteristic of atherosclerosis is the hardening of the arteries. This condition involves the buildup of plaques, which consist of fat, cholesterol, and other substances, within the arterial walls. Over time, these plaques can harden and narrow the arteries, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. The progressive thickening and stiffening of the artery walls due to this buildup is a hallmark of the disease, which can significantly impair blood flow and lead to serious health complications.

The other choices provided do not directly relate to atherosclerosis. Joint inflammation pertains to arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, while decreased blood sugar levels are more relevant to conditions like hypoglycemia or diabetes management. High levels of magnesium are not characteristic of atherosclerosis and typically do not have a direct impact on the disease's development or progression.