What does the term 'varices' refer to in the context of cirrhosis?

The term 'varices' specifically refers to dilated or enlarged veins that occur due to increased pressure in the portal venous system, commonly seen in conditions like cirrhosis. In cirrhosis, the liver becomes scarred, impeding the blood flow, which leads to increased pressure in the portal vein. This elevated pressure causes blood to find alternative pathways, resulting in the enlargement of veins, particularly in areas such as the esophagus and stomach. These enlarged veins are at risk of rupturing, leading to serious complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding.

The other options describe different conditions not directly related to the term 'varices.' Enlarged lymph nodes refer to a different physiological response typically related to infection or malignancy, fluid retention refers to a buildup of fluid often associated with heart or kidney issues, and malabsorption of nutrients pertains to the digestive system's inability to absorb nutrients effectively, which is distinct from the vascular changes implied by varices. Understanding the specific implications of varices helps in managing and anticipating complications in patients with cirrhosis.