What defines Type II diabetes?

Type II diabetes is characterized primarily by insulin resistance, which means that the body's cells do not respond effectively to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Additionally, individuals with Type II diabetes often still produce some insulin, although it may be inadequate relative to their body's needs. This combination of insulin resistance and altered insulin secretion leads to elevated blood glucose levels over time, which is a hallmark of the condition.

In contrast, the other choices identify conditions or characteristics that do not accurately represent Type II diabetes. For example, a complete lack of insulin production is more indicative of Type I diabetes, which is an autoimmune condition. Correspondingly, saying that Type II diabetes only occurs during pregnancy is misleading, as gestational diabetes is a different condition that may resolve after childbirth but can also predispose individuals to develop Type II diabetes later. Furthermore, while diet is an important aspect of managing Type II diabetes, it is not the sole method of management; medications and lifestyle changes are also critical components of treatment. Thus, recognizing that Type II diabetes is defined by insulin resistance combined with some level of insulin production is essential for understanding the disease and its implications for health management.