What condition results from the breakdown of lung tissue?

Emphysema is a condition characterized by the breakdown of lung tissue, specifically the alveoli, which are the small air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs. In emphysema, the walls of the alveoli are damaged and lose their elasticity, leading to difficulty in breathing and reduced oxygen exchange. This breakdown of lung tissue results in the enlargement of the air spaces, which ultimately decreases the surface area available for gas exchange.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is often caused by long-term exposure to irritants like cigarette smoke or air pollution. Understanding emphysema is crucial, as its gradual progression can lead to significant respiratory distress and impact a person’s overall health and quality of life.