What are the causes of atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the build-up of plaques in the arterial walls, has multifactorial causes, and the selection of inflammation and infection as a cause highlights key mechanisms in its development. Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. It can lead to endothelial dysfunction, where the inner lining of blood vessels gets damaged, making it easier for cholesterol and other substances to accumulate and form plaques.

Furthermore, certain infections have been studied for their potential link to atherosclerosis. Pathogens can evoke an inflammatory response that may contribute to the formation and instability of atheromatous plaques, indicating a direct connection between infection and atherosclerotic disease.

The other choices do not adequately account for the complex biological processes underlying atherosclerosis. While factors such as diet, activity level, and hydration can influence cardiovascular health overall, they do not directly capture the intricate relationship between inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis as thoroughly as inflammation and infection do. Thus, focusing on inflammation and infection is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of atherosclerosis.